Coherent current states in mesoscopic four-terminal Josephson junction

A theory is offered for the ballistic 4-terminal Josephson junction. The studied system consists of a mesoscopic two-dimensional normal rectangular layer which is attached in each side to the bulk superconducting banks (terminals). The relation between the currents through the different terminals, which is valid for arbitrary temperatures and junction sizes, is obtained. The nonlocal coupling of the supercurrents leads to a new effect, specific for the mesoscopic weak link between two superconducting rings; an applied magnetic flux through one of the rings produces a magnetic flux in the other ring even in the absence of an external flux through the other one. The phase dependent distributions of the local density of Andreev states, of the supercurrents and of the induced order parameter are obtained. The "interference pattern" for the anomalous average inside the two dimensional region can be regulated by the applied magnetic fluxes or the transport currents. For some values of the phase differences between the terminals, the current vortex state and the two dimensional phase slip center are appeared.Comment: 17 pages in Latex and 6 ps Figures. Will be published in Low Temp.Phy

State owned enterprises as bribe payers: the role of institutional environment

Our paper draws attention to a neglected channel of corruption—the bribe payments by state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This is an important phenomenon as bribe payments by SOEs fruitlessly waste national resources, compromising public welfare and national prosperity. Using a large dataset of 30,249 firms from 50 countries, we show that, in general, SOEs are less likely to pay bribes for achieving organizational objectives owing to their political connectivity. However, in deteriorated institutional environments, SOEs may be subjected to potential managerial rent-seeking behaviors, which disproportionately increase SOE bribe propensity relative to privately owned enterprises. Specifically, our findings highlight the importance of fostering democracy and rule of law, reducing prevalence of corruption and shortening power distance in reducing the incidence of SOE bribery

COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION OF AP2/ERF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA L. GENOME

The plant hormone ethylene regulates both developmental processes and various stress responses in plants. Ethylene perception in plants is followed by activation of some transcription factors from the large family of APETALA2/ETHYLENE response factors (ERFs). ERF TF binding sites contain a specific GCCGCC motif, called GCC-box. In this study, we applied TF binding site recognition tools oPWM and SiteGA for sequence analysis of experimentally proven GCC-boxes. We carried out GCC box recognition and tested its distribution in the Arabidopsis thaliana L. genome. Functional annotation and microarray data analysis of the genes possessing predicted GCC-boxes elucidated their role in ethylene response

Mastering of Technology of Production of Brucellosis Diagnostic Bacteriophages

Presented are technologies of production of brucellosis diagnostic bacteriophages developed on the basis of determination of optimal conditions of the phages reproduction. Stability of the finished product was evaluated using Shuhard control charts